The historic borough of Madison was first settled by Europeans who began to arrive here about 1715 and established what was called "Bottle Hill". In 1834, the name of the village was changed to Madison. The later development of the railroad provided much needed transportation for its farm goods and greatly helped the town's important rose growing industry, reflected in Madison's nick-name, "The Rose City."

Today, with a population of approximately 15,500 people and a great location that's just 26 miles from New York City, Madison is the ideal community for many. Its special character is generated by a diverse population, a wide range of housing options and its historic downtown commercial district, with an innovative mix of unique shops, restaurants and businesses. Commuting to New York City is convenient thanks to frequent NJ transit train service from the Madison station.

Madison's highly-regarded school system features three elementary schools, one junior high school and one high school. The high school is also attended by students from the nearby Harding Township. The St.Vincent Martyr Church operates a parochial elementary school. The town is also home to Drew University, the College of St. Elizabeth and the Madison-Florham Park Campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University.

Recreational opportunities are abundant in Madison and the town provides a wide variety of programs for residents of all ages. The Madison Area YMCA has extensive programs and facilities available to the community. There is one golf course in Madison, the private, nine-hole Madison Golf Club and five other courses (both private and public) in the immediate area. The adult school of the Chathams, Madison and Florham Park offers a wide range of beginning sport and fitness classes for adults in the spring and fall.